Sermon preached at Clam Falls Lutheran Church, Clam Falls, WI., Oct. 29, 2023.
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“For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.”
– Romans 3:28
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Why are we Lutheran? Why not just Christian?
There is no better time to ask that than Reformation Day, or this Sunday before that day, which falls on All Hallow’s Eve, this Tuesday.
Some time ago now, about one thousand years ago, the church used to be one. One visible body.
Where were the vast majority of people who said they believed in the content of the Christian creeds?
The Apostle’s and Nicene and Athanasian Creeds?
They, basically, could be found in one institution…
One.
Yes, the church had always had to deal with relatively small break-off groups…
And there was that very dark time in the church in the fourth century with the heretic Arius… before the brave Athanasius took his stand, who stated that, if need be, he would be against the whole world in asserting the full divinity of the Son of God!
But for the most part, the church was one body, catholic, that is universal – being found across the nations.
Then there was the Eastern schism some 1000 years ago, when the Eastern churches split from Rome, the Western half of the church.
Following this, about 500 years ago, the Protestant Reformation occurred, with Rome expelling Martin Luther and then other Protestants for their perceived rebellion.
In John 17, as Jesus prayed for His twelve Apostles, or “sent ones”, in the Garden of Gethsemene, he also said this about us, those who would believe in Him because of the Apostle’s mission:
“I pray also for those who will believe in me through their message, that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you. May they also be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me. I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one— I in them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.”
These words are hard for us as Christians living at this time in history to deal with.
Was the Reformation necessary?
If it was a necessity – even one that God deemed necessary – was it a tragic necessity?
Or, should we, perhaps feeling some blame for causing a rupture in the body, feel some shame for being Lutherans?
All good questions.
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One of the most important figures in the Christian church after the death of the Apostles was the great 4th century church father from Carthage, St. Augustine.
He is a man that during the tumultuous years of the Reformation in the 16th century everyone wanted on their side.
Regarding his own spiritual awakening, later in life after being raised as a child in the church, he said this:
“I would not believe in the Gospel, if the authority of the Catholic Church did not bid me to do so.”
In like fashion:
“For my part, I should not believe the gospel except as moved by the authority of the Catholic Church.”
In Luther’s day, some of the top defenders of Rome in the Roman Catholic Church were saying that they were the ones who rightly understood and followed Augustine here.
You see, even admirable men like Sir Thomas More (see the excellent movie A Man for All Seasons!) said that since the church basically owned the Bible they could decide how it was to be used and interpreted!
Some of Rome’s highest-ranking theologians, like the Court theologian Prieras for example, even claimed the authority of the Gospel existed because of the Pope’s authority. He stated:
“In its irrefragable and divine judgment the church’s authority is greater than the authority of Scripture…the authority of the Roman Pontiff…is greater than the authority of the Gospel, since because of it we believe in the Gospels.”)” (see Tavard’s Holy Writ on Holy Church)…
This, to say the least, is a far cry from what Augustine meant.
He, for one – like many others before and after him – also said things like, “Let us… yield ourselves and bow to the authority of the Holy Scriptures, which can neither err nor deceive…”
For him, the authority of the church was embodied in the living tradition, admittedly spearheaded by the Pope, and that was because the Scriptures were also the ultimate wellspring of that authority, the sum and substance of that authority.
God’s word had created the Church, and the Church, in it’s truly God-given authority, had recognized, and zealously guarded and passed down its primary tradition, the Holy Scriptures.
It was in this sense that it, “the household of God”, was, as even the Apostle Paul put it, the “ground and pillar of the truth” (I Tim. 3:15)…
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I mentioned earlier the word “institution’.
When you hear the word institution, your mind might go to things like schools, companies, the military, and other political, well, institutions…
What does the word “institution” mean? One key definition is “an established organization or corporation of a public character specifically”.
I bring up institutions because in God’s reckoning, the main institutions he establishes are the family, through the institution of marriage, and the church, the marriage of Christ and His bride, all His believers.
And then, after the fall, we also have the thing we sometimes love to hate, but generally have a love-hate relationship with, the worldly governments that derive their authority from the family, particularly the fathers.
Men always receive the gift of authority from real earthly institutions, real institutions that have been given jobs, God-given jobs, to do and fulfill.
So, yes, in spite of all the concerns many of us have about freedom and even our “authenticity” today, we all need authority in our lives, and here, especially today, it is critical to distinguish between authority and power.
For simply exercising the latter, power, is not necessarily to be an authority or to act with authority…
Why is this? Because authority and truth always must go hand in hand.
Authorities can lead and guide – and not merely exercise force – because they, at their best, act in accordance with reality as all must, with the truths and institutions that God has formed and established.
And the church in Luther’s day was failing, to say the least. In his day, the Pope was going so far as to say things like “since God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it.”
Clearly, here was a leader of God’s church who – so taken up with worldly power – was culpably ignorant of not understanding what God really intended for him to do.
Still, did this alone give anyone in the church the right to start a revolution, to rebel?
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No.
And Luther, believe it or not, understood this well, even if today few do.
At one point, he said, “nothing can be more poisonous, hurtful, or devilish than a rebel.”
Think about King Saul in the Old Testament….
He had not only disobeyed God repeatedly, showing himself to be unworthy of his office, but David himself had been told by God Himself that he would be king!
Nevertheless, when twice given the opportunity to take Saul’s life, David refused to raise his hand against the Lord’s anointed.
Here, “there’s an expression of honor, faith, and institutional permanence there that is sorely lacking today.”
I suggest it is a biblical fact like this that caused a fourteenth-century Italian Christian laywoman, Catherine of Sienna, to say the following:
“Even if the Pope were Satan incarnate, we ought not to raise up our heads against him, but calmly lie down to rest on his bosom. He who rebels against our Father is condemned to death, for that which we do to him we do to Christ: we honor Christ if we honor the Pope; we dishonor Christ if we dishonor the Pope. I know very well that many defend themselves by boasting: ‘They are so corrupt, and work all manner of evil!’ But God has commanded that, even if the priests, the pastors, and Christ-on-earth were incarnate devils, we be obedient and subject to them, not for their sakes, but for the sake of God, and out of obedience to Him.”
Perhaps our skepticism is really rearing up here, particularly since we are Americans:
What sheer madness is this?
How can any person have such a, well, medieval, view of authority?!
Well, was not Jesus Himself a man of these past times as well?
Did not our Lord say that the Pharisees sat in Moses’ seat – that is, the literal, physical seat in the synagogues from which the Scriptures were read – and that His followers therefore should do what they say, even as they should not do as they do?
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Did Luther understand this too? Or did he bring something new?
He did understand this, and he brought nothing new.
We can therefore never emphasize enough that Luther and the “Lutherans” – Rome’s term of abuse – never intended to leave the Roman Catholic Church but were ejected by them.
It excommunicated the troublesome professor and friar and in effect condemned him to death in this world (and the next).
It was only then – after he had for months been writing the Holy Father kind letters – that he dared, in righteous indignation, to burn the Papal Bull announcing his condemnation.
And then, over and against their Roman Catholic opponents, the claim of these “first evangelicals” who agreed with Luther was not that they were doing anything new, but that their teachings truly were “holy, catholic and apostolic…”
“The churches among us do not dissent from the catholic church in any article of faith,” they insisted.
One hundred years later, the 17th century Lutheran John Gerhard (On the Church, p. 139) could say, evidently with a straight face:
“If the confession of true doctrine and the legitimate use of the Sacraments had been left free for us, perhaps we would not have departed from the external fellowship of the Roman church.”
Why did Luther not simply suffer his fate?
Recognize the Pope’s authority in the church?
Do as they said but not as they did?…
Well, of course, a lot of major issues had been going on for several hundred years, and the problems did not start with him.
In addition to the nonsense about the role the Scriptures played in the church, the Pope had insisted he had full authority over temporal political matters and one had to believe this to be saved.
Priests were forbidden to marry, in direct contradiction to Scripture. In conjunction with secular authorities, the offices of the bishops were often given to the highest bidders.
People became monks specifically because the Roman church taught and promised it was the surest way to achieve salvation by their increased merit.
Laypersons were told that they could eliminate thousands of years of painful purging fire for their ancestors by “prayerfully” providing donations to the church.
The Papacy had recently expanded indulgences to include the claim of granting forgiveness itself…
Also, men and women were given the body of Christ, but not the blood, which was reserved for the clergy.
In the Mass itself, the priests spoke of re-sacrificing Christ, and achieving salvation through this and other merits…
But, above all, people were told that they could not be certain that they would even be saved… even make it to purgatory (for note that if you got to purgatory, you’d eventually get to heaven…).
Right around the same time that Luther nailed the 95 theses to the Church doors in Wittenberg, the theologian Johann Altenstaig (in his Vocabularius theologiae, Hagenau 1517) was saying that the devil led people astray by making them think there was good evidence for their being saved.
“No one, no matter how righteous he may be”, Altenstaig said, “can know with certainty that he is in the state of grace, except by a revelation”.
In like fashion, one of the most important movers and shakers in the church, Cardinal Cajetan, wrote a few weeks before confronting Luther at Augsburg, wrote that “Clearly almost all come to the sacraments of penance and the Eucharist in reverent fear of the Lord and uncertain of being in grace. In fact theologians praise their continuing uncertainty and ordinarily attribute its opposite to presumption or ignorance” (both quotes from Cajetan Responds, a footnote from p. 269 and p. 66).
Cajetan incidently – like all of Rome’s “court theologians” – also placed the authority of the pope above that of a council, Scripture, and everything in the church…
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In his fateful meeting with Luther in 1518 Cajetan essentially told him that one could never be sure “one’s contrition was sufficient to effect the forgiveness one hoped to receive” (Hendrix, Scott, Luther and the Papacy, Minneapolis: Fortress, 1981, p. 62),
Luther never looked back.
He was not about to give up the teaching about confession and absolution that his spiritual father, John Staupitz, had modeled for him and shared with him – and that Luther said had made him a Chrisitan!
And then, again, when the Pope backed up Cajetan’s views in condemning Luther in his bull, Exsurge Domine…
…nothing more was needed to convince the Reformer that he was dealing with the Antichrist.
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An online Webster’s dictionary says that:
“In biology, a fissiparous organism is one that produces new individuals by fission; that is, by dividing into separate parts, each of which becomes a unique organism…”
So when the Roman Catholic professor Edward T. Oakes says:
“When the Western Church fissiparated in the sixteen century, the Reformers took a portion of the essential patrimony of the Church with them, and they thereby left both the Roman Church and themselves the poorer for it.”
…he doesn’t know how right that he is…
I hope I have made somewhat clear to you this morning just what is at stake here.
All of the things that I mentioned above are things that Luther, in his vocation as a pastor and professor, needed to call out!
Many before him had pointed out the same things, even if they had not dealt so carefully with the burning issue of faith, works, and the place of confession and absolution as it regarded the believer’s peace with God…
Luther was convicted before God that he had to act as he did.
Why, specifically?
Because these are things that God had given the church to do: to give genuinely terrified consciences – those who knew God’s law rightly accused and condemned them – peace with God.
And before we get too uncomfortable here, dealing with the matter of confrontation and the necessary sacrifice it may entail…
…it does us well to remember that the Apostle Paul felt the need to confront the Apostle Peter, clearly the head of the Apostles, and Paul himself in turn found his friend and partner Barnabas, strongly disagreeing with him (although certainly respectfully)… and going his own way.
This is why, in part, that same Apostle writes, not opposing the unity Jesus Christ spoke of but rather upholding it:
“No doubt there have to be differences among you to show which of you have God’s approval…” (I Cor. 11:19)
So then, “even if one accepts the office of the Pope as Peter’s chair, there’s still a need for faithful opposition – especially when occupied by a devil.” (Matt Cochran).
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We can pray that Rome, today, will learn.
Many within that church body, of course, read the Holy Scriptures, and with the rise of an antichrist figure of almost ridiculous proportions, Pope Francis, some are increasingly being driven back to that Core Tradition, the Scriptures, in a big way…
I was listening this past week to a radio show by a popular nun, Mother Miriam. She was reading an open letter from a more conservative bishop in Texas addressing the current Pope’s recent “Synod on Synodality”.
In the course of her reading it, at one point Mother Miriam encouraged those listening by saying that even if a priest, even if a bishop or even if a pope contradicts the teaching of the church, that laypersons were obliged to not obey it… even while recognizing these men’s authority.
Mother Miriam is just doing her job just like Martin Luther was just doing his job.
On the other hand, the highest visible authority in Christ’s church, the pope – today and then – is and was not doing his job.
Welcome Mother Miriam, to the Reformation!
As Luther’s friend, Philip Melanchton put it, even if the Office of the Papacy were specifically established by God Himsef, the Pope would still need to be disobeyed for the sake of the doctrine of justification…
That is, again, the message that brings us true peace with God: For the sake of His Son Jesus Christ, God forgives the penitent all their sins.
The core reason the church exists.
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You can bet that when Luther insisted that Christians really could be sure that they were Christians – that is, that faith in Jesus Christ could give them certainty, many in Rome were not happy.
For how would the church’s power and influence continue without the offerings from people trying to earn their peace with God?
But was he really right?
Did Luther really have the right interpretation of the Bible, translating our text for this morning, Romans 3:28, with “faith alone”?
Didn’t James say that we are not justified by faith alone?
And why do Lutherans think they are the only ones who are right and will go to heaven?
Let’s rightly bury those objections in reverse order:
First, I hope you know no Lutheran teachers or preachers say this or have ever said that only Lutherans are going to heaven. On the contrary, we rejoice wherever the Scriptures are treasured and searched.
One of the main things that you always need to remember is this: we Lutheran’s emphasize that there are true Christians wherever the word of God is preached in its truth and purity.
Now, obviously, we don’t think that the teachings of every Christian denomination are in full accordance with the truths found in the Bible. At the same time, insofar as people are truly listening and believing in the words of scripture, they will meet Jesus.
And Jesus Christ, being the center of the Scriptures, brings the forgiveness, life, and salvation that all people need.
Second, James and Paul can be harmonized.
The Lutheran Confessions therefore say here:
“[The doctrine of justification by faith and not works] should not be understood as though justification and renewal were separated from one another in such a way that genuine faith sometimes could exist and continue for a time together with evil intention…”
Not only this, but we need to see that James is responding to those who consider faith to be something merely like intellectual assent to certain truths, not something that includes genuine trust.
After all, James even says such faith is something that even demons can have!
If you read the book of James carefully, you will also immediately note the kinds of things he really has in mind, being the practical fellow that he is: He is specifically dealing with the way that men will and must show other men that they are really Christians.
You see, God sees the heart, but men must go by outward deeds…
Hence Jesus says that the sinful woman who washes his feet before the Pharisees is God’s forgiven child for the sake of her faith, for she “loved much” before the eyes of faithless men….
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Finally, the last point.
Luther did have the right interpretation of the Bible. When he translated Romans 3:28 as “faith alone” he was following in a wholly legitimate enterprise.
A number of church fathers – even some from 1200 years earlier – had also spoken about “faith alone”.
For Paul, clearly, says that we are justified by faith in many places, without mentioning anything else. And in this passage in particular, Romans 3:28, he says that we are justified apart from works of the law.
So when Martin Luther says in his great hymn “A Mighty Fortress is our God” “one little word can fell [Satan]” he nails it, he is exactly right.
The one word is Jesus Christ, who saves us utterly.
The book of Romans says that we are saved by Christ’s blood and that we are saved by faith. It is not an either-or but a both-and.
We are saved by the blood of Jesus Christ because we are saved by the grace of God – that is God’s gracious disposition towards us because of Jesus Christ – through faith.
You see, you can also say we are saved by faith. But if you ask faith about the “Why?” of salvation, it only points to the blood of Jesus Christ!
For Christ even saves our faith! Though we desire strong faith, we are not saved by the strength of our faith but the strength of our Savior!
Jesus Christ is the object of our faith, and in fact the real reason for the Reformation.
Even today, we need to always hear this message about how Jesus Christ is the one who saves us by his grace and mercy, which faith receives.
Never by our works, that, somehow “fueled by God’s grace” – like some high-octane spiritual gasoline – we merit salvation.
Hence, when we see that it does not rely on us and our works, we can have true peace with God, as the Scriptures make clear (see in particular Romans 5:1 and I John 5:12-13)
The faithful church – no matter how big or small it is – must preach this message, because this is the message it has been given to preach. This is the message it has preached down throughout the ages…
And so, this is a necessity we rightly celebrate today.
I leave you with a final quote about the just nature of Luther’s stand:
“Being just simply means being with Christ and in Christ. And this suffices. Further observances are no longer necessary. For this reason Luther’s phrase: “faith alone” is true, if it is not opposed to faith in charity, in love. Faith is looking at Christ, entrusting oneself to Christ, being united to Christ, conformed to Christ, to his life. And the form, the life of Christ, is love; hence to believe is to conform to Christ and to enter into his love. So it is that in the Letter to the Galatians in which he primarily developed his teaching on justification St Paul speaks of faith that works through love (cf. Gal 5:14).
The speaker promoting Luther’s use of the phrase “faith alone”?
The former pope, Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI.
Amen
With footnotes: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uHYC-GGiTQrP29X2HnygM1Kb-EGFSwAXdPL8tuVaBDw/edit?usp=sharing